Further, the flow cytometry analysis of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled PAA-CeO revealed a time- and concentration-dependent cellular uptake of nanoparticles. However, we did not observe any impact of PAA-CeO on intracellular ROS formation induced by H 2O 2. In the 6-OHDA model, nanoparticles profoundly reduced necrotic changes and partially attenuated caspase-3 activity. In the H 2O 2 model of cell damage PAA-CeO did not affect the caspase-3 activity (apoptosis marker) but attenuated the number of propidium iodide-positive cells (necrosis marker). PAA-CeO nanoparticles were safe for undifferentiated (UN-) and retinoic acid-differentiated (RA-) human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and reduced the extent of cell damage evoked by hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2) and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed a mixed valence state of Ce 4+ and Ce 3+. In this study, polyacrylic acid conjugated cerium oxide (PAA-CeO) nanoparticles were synthesized in a 50โ60 nm size range with a zeta potential ofโโโ35 mV. Cerium oxide nanoparticles have been widely investigated against neurodegenerative diseases due to their antioxidant properties that aid in quenching reactive oxygen species.
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